Leadership s Enduring Success By Richard L. Hughes And...

In the opening of this paper the below description of the need for strategic leadership and the difficulty in defining it can both be seen. In Becoming a Strategic Leader: Your Role in Your Organization s Enduring Success by Richard L. Hughes and Katherine Colarelli Beatty define this difficulty beautifully in their opening. The book opens with a description of the difficulty of learning to surf. As you stand looking at the beautiful ocean, you move to begin paddling out through the waves only to fail each time at getting up and successfully riding a wave all the way to shore. It speaks of trying and practicing at home, only to be thrown when the moment counts. The imagery of attempting to learn to surf and failing due to a lack of†¦show more content†¦The topic of this paper will not be to define strategic leadership, and but perhaps more importantly identify the top five characteristics of strategic leaders in leadership roles in general, not just military or business se ttings. This paper will address the difficulty in defining strategic leadership by narrowing down a specific set of qualities or characteristics required to lead in that position. Since there is no definitive definition for strategic leadership and the focus will turn to what qualities belong to a strategic leader and thereby find the very elusive definition so many who are called upon to lead strategically desire. The primary research question for this paper will be, If one were to develop the essential list of characteristics for a strategic leader and cull that list down to the top five characteristics needed for success in the position of any civilian primary leader, what would the list of qualifications contain? This question will be answered by looking at strategic leadership in civilian leadership setting, while utilizing principles and insight from the military world of leadership, this will surely be a varied and complex list. The list, however, will be narrowed down utili zing the same arena of sources and opinions with success stories associated with each characteristic. It will take a good amount of research and a variety of both civilian and military sources in order toShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon

An American Serial Killer By Joseph Paul Franklin

Born James Clayton Vaughn, Jr. on April 13, 1950. An American serial killer who was motivated to kill due to his hatred towards African Americans and Jews. He was the second of four siblings, he was physically and psychologically abused by both parents. James Clayton Vaughn Jr, was an average student in school and the highest grade he got to was tenth grade. Born in Mobile, Alabama to a poor family, changed his name to Joseph Paul Franklin in order to be accepted into National Socialist White People’s Party and the Ku Klux Klan. He chose the name Joseph in honor of Paul Joseph Goebbels who was the Nazi Propaganda minister under Adolf Hitler. Joseph Paul Franklin was convicted of multiple murders, along with being given the life sentence six times as well as the death sentence. He is also known as the â€Å"Racist Killer†. Targeted blacks and Jews in a cross country killing spree between 1977-1980, and when he was put to death in Missouri he was the first execution in n early three years. Joseph Paul Franklin believed that interracial couples were a sin of god, he was a strong believer that the criminal justice system was lenient with all blacks. (â€Å"Joseph Franklin†-). His hero was known to be Adolf Hitler, and he tended to set off bombs in synagogues along with taking out interracial couples. As a child his escape was reading books, mostly fairy tales and he read to get away from all the domestic violence at home. His father was alcoholic drifter who often abandoned his familyShow MoreRelatedThe Traits of a Serial Killer Present in James Clayton Vaughn Jr966 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics that correlated to the serial killer he was. One may ponder what creates a serial killer and what exactly a serial killer is. There are many things that define a serial killer’s psyche antisocialism being one of the many. Moreover, Vaughn claimed to have certain compulsions that made him complete tasks that he ordinarily would not do whic h demonstrated him to have obsessive compulsive disorder. Another characteristic Vaughn displayed that he and his fellow serial killers shared were their psychopathicRead Moresecrets of body language11913 Words   |  48 Pageshidden meanings, its secrets. This is a world where what we say is all important. They said this day would never come. We hang on every word. Tomorrow, we begin again. Thank you. But are we getting all the message? Older, darker, psychopaths, serial killers handwriting-Research has shown that just 7% of human communication is through the actual words. 93% of what we communicate with others is non-verbal. 93%! Think about that. So, it s our tone of voice, pitch, posture, microexpressions onRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesidentifying problems with earlier drafts of the text and exercises. We are indebted to the reviewers of past editions who shared our commitment to elevating the instruction of project management. The reviewers includ e Paul S. Allen, Rice University; Denis F. Cioffi, George Washington University; Joseph D. DeVoss, DeVry University; Edward J. Glantz, Pennsylvania State University; Michael Godfrey, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh; Robert Key, University of Phoenix; Dennis Krumwiede, Idaho State University; NicholasRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesservice purchase, he or she tells six other potential buyers. In contrast, a dissatisfied consumer informs 25 other potential buyers. That is the leverage of quality in shaping consumer sentiment, which is vital in powering the two-thirds of the American economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not fromRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategy deve lopment in the ï ¬â€šavours and fragrances industry. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 603 A GUIDE TO THE CLASSIC CASES ON THE COMPANION WEBSITE 603 CASE Coors – an American brewer moves into the UK market. Barclaycard – a market leader’s strategic options for maintaining market dominance. GSK – the wisdom of mergers for a global pharmaceutical giant. Brewery Group Denmark – how a small player survives in a globalising

Tanglewood Free Essays

string(200) " employee regarding complied with\? Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to mention an applicable situation : Applicant mentions an applicable situation, but fails to mention how they resolved the problem\." Develop a detailed selection plan for this position. In this case, you should determine what you want to measure by analyzing KSAOs from the Job description and the information on organizational culture in the case, and fitting the selection measures into the plan format as shown in Exhibit 8. 2 in the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanglewood or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current selection methods are the experience check, education check, Marshfield Applicant Exam, and the Retail Knowledge Test. Do not include the current interview as part of the selection plan. Selection Plan Format for Managerial Position at Tanglewood Major KSAO Category Necessary for selection? Edc EXC MAE RKT 1 . Communication skills x 2. Knowledge of organizational policies and regulations 3. Decision making Judgment/skills 4. Managerial skills 6. Reasoning abilities 7. Knowledge of personal management regulations 8. Knowledge of retail management: policies and practices 9. Technical knowledge 10. Strategic abilities. Ability to develop solutions to complex conflicts. Y 1 1 . Skill in interpreting and analyzing financial data and performing financial operations. Y RKT = Retail Knowledge Test 3. Develop initial interview questions. Staffing services believes that a half-hour nterview will be appropriate, with about 3 minutes per interview question. They would like 5 behavioral interview questions and 5 situational interview questions. Each interview question should have a very specific KSAO target as shown in the example. Behavioral Questions: 1 . Tell me about a time when you had to make a decision that benefitted the company, but went against your personal values. 2. Tell me about a time you had to go beyond your comfort zone and personal limits to satisfy an unhappy customer. 3. Tell me about a time you received news that an employee was violating workplace regulations. How did you confront that employee and go about solving the conflict? 4. Tell me about a time you offered constructive criticism to an employee regarding workplace responsibilities. How did you broach the subject and create an effective solution to the problem that the employee both clearly understood and willingly complied with? 5. Tell me about a time you received a complaint about one of your employees. How did you approach the matter and bring up the subject with the employee? Situational Questions: 1. Suppose you received an anonymous complaint that a certain employee was sexually harassing other employees in the workplace. How would you handle the situation? 2. Suppose an irate customer demands compensation that exceeds company policy (i. e a large discount or store credit in a situation where it is not a valid option). How would you resolve the conflict and ensure customer satisfaction? 3. An employee has been engaging in dishonest and illegal activity. While it is not felony activity, there can be legal repercussions. How do you deal with this employee? Would there be legal repercussions? 4. An employee is not correctly and fully meeting Job responsibilities and expectations. This employee reports to another manager in the store. Who would you confront about the issue, and how would you handle the situation? meeting your goal for sales. You are expected to increase sales dramatically in order to remain as close to your sales goal as possible. How do you go about this, and what steps would you take? 4. Develop a scoring key for each interview question. This means you will have ten different scoring keys. Question 1 Job Title Department Manager Item Description Requires applicant to provide a response where they struggled between personal values and Job responsibilities and how they overcame this. Performance Dimensions Task: identify Job duties and compare to ethical issues Knowledge: legal issues, duties, personal values Skill: decision making Ability: conflict solving Question Tell me about a time when you had to make a decision that benefitted the company, but went against your personal values. Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to mention a specific incident 2: Applicants mentions a situation, but fails to mention a solution. 3: Applicant identifies a solution and provides and acceptable solution. 4: Applicant successfully identifies a significant situation and provides a solution in a way that exhibits their kills and abilities. Interviewer Comments Legal issues are not so much important as exhibition of skills and abilities regarding job duties and personal values. Question 2 Requires applicant to explain a time they provided excellent customer service. Performance Dimensions Task: Identify customer in need, effectively seek a solution which results in customer satisfaction. Knowledge: customer service Skill: Judgment Ability: Effective communication; inductive reasoning. Tell me about a time you had to go beyond your comfort zone and personal limits to satisfy an unhappy customer. Scoring Key : Applicant fails to mention concepts related to customer service. 2: Applicant Applicant identifies concepts related to customer service and provides a solution. 4: Applicant fulfills requirements of 3, and exhibits KSAOs. Interviewer Comments Applicant was satisfied with the question and thought it greatly contributed to the interview process. Question 3 Behavioral interview question requiring the applicant to provide a response about an employee violating workplace regulations. Performance Dimensions Task: Absorb information about employee violation, confront employee in an ethical, rofessional manner. Knowledge: personal management Skill: Communication skills, personal management, Judgment and decision making Ability: Effective communication, reasoning, listening aptitude. Question Tell me about a time you received news that an employee was violating workplace Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to mention a situation. 2: Applicant mentions a situation, but fails to provide a solution. 3: Applicant provides a situation and a solution. 4. Applicant fulfills requirements listed in 3, and also exhibits expected KSAOs. Interviewer Comments Applicant felt this was a personal question. Question 4: Behavioral question asking applicant to identify a situation where they had to offer constructive criticism to an employee. Performance Dimensions Task: Offer constructive criticism to an employee that is not meeting workplace standards. Knowledge: personal management, effective communication skills Skill: effective mentoring, reasoning, personal management Ability: Effective communication Tell me about a time you offered constructive criticism to an employee regarding complied with? Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to mention an applicable situation : Applicant mentions an applicable situation, but fails to mention how they resolved the problem. You read "Tanglewood" in category "Papers" 3. Applicant identifies a situation and a solution. . Applicant fulfills requirements for score 3, and exhibits KSAOs in their explanation. Method of approach is crucial, as are ethical considerations. Question 5 Behavioral question in which applicant is asked to respond to a customer complaint about an employee. Performance Dimensions Task: Listen to complaint. Use decision making skills to approach employee and propose a n effective solution. Knowledge: Personal management, legal/workplace egulations. Skill: decision making, conflict resolution Ability: Communication, listening aptitude, decision making. Question Tell me about a time you received a complaint about one of your employees. How did you approach the matter and bring up the subject with the employee? Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to find a workplace solution to solve the conflict at hand. 2: Applicant uses limited reasoning to find a solution to the problem. Uses communication skills. 3. Applicant uses reasonable Judgment, communication skills and inductive reasoning. 4: Applicant meets requirements of score 3, and also emonstrates excellent personal management concepts. Interviewer Comments Legalities may not be necessary considerations for this question, depending on the complaint. Question 6 Situational question asking the applicant to address legal concerns and resolve the conflict at hand. Performance Dimensions Task: Process concerns. Talk with offending employee and discuss legal repercussions. Knowledge: Knowledge of law and workplace regulations Skill: Problem solving, employee directing Ability: Effective communication of protocol Suppose you received an anonymous complaint that a certain employee was sexually arassing other employees in the workplace. How would you handle the situation? 1 : Applicant fails to mention legal concepts and how they addressed the situation with such 2: Applicant shows sufficient knowledge of legal concepts. 3: Applicant demonstrates sufficient knowledge of legal concepts and provides conflict resolution. 4: Applicant fulfills requirements of score 3, and also demonstrates effective application of preventative measures to ensure the conflict does not happen again. Interviewer Comments Candidate felt this was a well-worded question that addressed an important workplace issue. Candidate felt it is important for managers to be able to effectively Question 7 Situational question requiring applicant to provide an original solution based on personal Judgment to effectively resolve the conflict. Product Dimension Task: Communicate effectively with the customer. Knowledge: customer service practices, company policies Skill: Judgment, decision making Ability: effective communication, decision making, develop original solution to conflict Suppose an irate customer demands compensation that exceeds company policy (i. a large discount or store credit in a situation where it is not a valid option). How would you resolve the conflict and ensure customer satisfaction? Scoring Key 1 : Applicant fails to demonstrate customer service practices knowledge and fails to comply with company policy 2: Applicant sufficiently follows company policy, but fails to demonstrate customer service knowledge. 3: Applicant sufficiently follows company policy and customer service practices . 4: Applicant complies with company policy and demonstrates excellent customer service practices. Interviewer Comments Candidate felt this was a great question for a common situation in the retail industry. Question 8 A situational question asking candidate to respond to a situation with legal repercussions. Product Dimensions Task: Engage in documentation and gathering of evidence against employee. Approach employee and take disciplinary action and compose an effective solution to prevent repeat offenses. Knowledge: legal procedures, inductive reasoning, communication. Skill: inductive reasoning, application of legal procedures, communication Ability: Effective problem solving/reasoning, effective communication, personal management Question An employee has been engaging in dishonest and illegal activity. While it is not felony activity, there can be legal repercussions. How do you deal with this employee? Would there be legal repercussions? Scoring Key 1: Applicant fails to mention consequences and legal ramifications. 2: Applicant demonstrates sufficient knowledge for legal repercussions, but not the relevance to the situation. Does not provide a satisfactory solution. 3: Applicant demonstrates sufficient knowledge of legal repercussions, and effectively implements them. 4: Applicant fills requirements of score 3, and also an innovative, original solution to ensure the conflict does not arise again. Interviewer Comments Candidate felt this was especially crucial to the interview process, as legal issues are Question 9 Situational question that requires employer to eliminate performance issues and demonstrate knowledge and accurate observation of employee interaction with other managers. Product Dimensions Task: Communicate with appropriate individuals regarding the issue and effectively eliminate lack of production. Knowledge: personal management, company policy and job requirements knowledge Skill: decision making, communication, personal management Ability: effective communication An employee is not correctly and fully meeting Job responsibilities and expectations. This employee reports to another manager in the store. Who would you confront about the issue, and how would you handle the situation? Scoring Key 1 : Applicant shows knowledge of personal management, but fails to provide a detailed course of action. 2: Applicant demonstrates knowledge of personal management, gives an answer but does not completely resolve the conflict 3: Applicant shows knowledge of personal management, and provides a solution and successfully resolves performance issues. 4: Applicant meets requirements of score , and also thoroughly discusses preventative actions taken. Interviewer Comments Candidate felt that incident documentation and repercussions were necessary. Question 10 Situational question requiring the candidate to formulate effective methods to increase sales. Product Dimensions Task: Formulate effective strategies to increase sales. Knowledge: sales processes. Skill: Rational decision making. Ability: Communication practices, inductive reasoning, composition of original and innovative solutions. Question Suppose you are halfway through a financial quarter and are nowhere close to steps would you take? Scoring Key : Applicant’s plan fails to mention sales concepts and solution is not creative enough. : Applicant develops a sufficient plan, but it is clear they are not confident or knowledgeable enough in this field. Again, solution is not creative enough. 3: forecasting and concepts. Solution is acceptable. 4: Applicant meets requirements of number 3, and also demonstrates a thorough understanding of sales concepts and is able to provide an effective, original solution to the problem. Interviewer Comments Perhaps in future inte rviews ask candidates to supply a personal example of when they had to do something like this. How to cite Tanglewood, Papers

Digital Data Preservation

Question: Discuss about theDigital Data Preservation. Answer: Introduction: Information is an integral element and asset for any organization. There is a lot of data and information that is associated with the organization and the same is exchanged on a daily basis. Information that is presented within an organization is collected from various internal and external sources and directly affects the decision making for an organization. It has become the necessity for the organizations to control and manage the information accurately by applying a number of strategies and techniques. There are also a number of potential risks that may occur which may cause severe damage to the confidentiality, reliability, availability and integrity of the information. Digital data preservation is a technique that provides a mechanism to preserve the essential data and information in the present digital era. Digital Data Problem There are a number of problems that appear during the attempt to preserve the digital data. The data that is present within the organization differs in terms of attributes and properties. It becomes difficult to store and keep the data at one platform without altering any of the data properties. There are also issues of incompatibility between the data sets. The classification scheme on the data also varies, for instance, the data may be public, private, sensitive or confidential in nature. There are a number of legal and regulatory policies that are associated with the data that must also be maintained at all times. Redundancy and duplicity are also two commonly occurring issues during data preservation as the data sets may be completely same and it is necessary to identify the data that must be preserved and the one that must be discarded which is a difficult process to execute (Choudhury, DiLauro, Szalay, Vishniac, 2016). Digital Data Preservation Digital Data Preservation is a concept and mechanism that makes sure that the digital data remains preserved at all times to maintain the accessibility and usability of the same. There are a number of preservation policies and techniques that are applied to ensure that the data is kept safe and secure (Goth, 2012). Goals of Digital Data Preservation Following are the goals that are considered during the preservation process. Digital information and data is always under the physical control of the repository that is maintained for a particular organization There is a unique identification that is applied on all the data sets to retrieve the same easily in future The availability of the data is never compromised with under any circumstance The relationship that exists between the data sets is also preserved at all times and the same shall never be altered Digital content is always executable and rendered accurately (Isq, 2010) Digital Data Preservation Techniques and Uses There are a number of techniques and strategies that are defined and are present to preserve the digital data that is associated with the organization. Bitstream Preservation is the first and the foremost technique that is applied and should be followed for the preservation of the digital content. It refers to maintaining an exact duplicate of the original data in the repository other than the one where the original counterpart is stored. This technique is applied so that the data remains intact even in the occurrence of a risk or a threat or during the presence of a disaster. Bitstream copying is often combined with remote storage so that the original and the copy are not subject to the same disastrous event. It helps the organizations to keep their data secure (Paradigm, 2016). Migration is the technique that refers to the transfer of digital data and content from one location to another. Technology is something that is changing at a rapid pace and there is a new technology that is introduced in the market on a frequent basis. It becomes necessary for the organizations to remain updated in terms of the technological aspects and thus, the data is often migrated from an existing system to a newer system. It also aids in the preservation of data as there are increased risks in the older systems due to the loopholes in the technology that is applied in the same. Refreshing is a preservation strategy that is often applied to the migration process which ensures that the content is copied from existing system to the new system without altering any properties and is also done in a timely manner such that the data is preserved before the existing platform becomes obsolete. IBM, Microsoft, Cisco and many other market giants have adapted this strategy (Dpworkshop, 201 6). Data that is associated with the organization not only comprises of the software and information bits but the hardware and the technology that is associated is of equal importance. Technology preservation is another strategy that is used for the digital data preservation and involves the safekeeping of operating systems, applications, software, media pieces, systems and many more. Maintenance of obsolete technology such that it can be re-used can be troublesome and requires a lot of effort (Stamp, 2016). Emulation is the digital data preservation technique that brings the software and hardware on one single platform from an existing to a newer environment. It brings together the different components and entities to imitate in every single crucial trademark the execution of another PC of an alternate outline, permitting projects or media intended for a specific domain to work in an alternate, more often than not more current environment. Imitating requires the making of emulators, pro jects that interpret code and directions from one processing environment so it can be legitimately executed in another. Encapsulation is the technique that is used capsule or group together varied digital content so that the accessibility to the same is maintained at all times. It also aids in the emulation process for the data preservation and includes grouping together of references, representations and likewise (Ands, 2016). There are a number of standards and file formats that are present in single information architecture. This technique is a formalized implementation of reliance on the standards that are defined. The various data sets and pieces are converted in to one single file format to ensure the preservation is done accurately. Advantages of Digital Data Preservation There are a number of advantages for the organization that are offered by the digital data preservation. The same are as listed below. Recoverability is an essential requirement that is demanded by all the clients in their applications. It also becomes necessary for the organizations to recover in a timely manner in case of a disaster or an attack. Digital data preservation allows the organizations to realize this objective and also makes sure that the content is accessible and can be used in case of such an event. Recoverability is surely enhanced with the aid of digital data preservation (Farquhar, 2016). The cost and effort that may otherwise be required to capture data all over again or to look for sources for the reference is also avoided with the help of this technique as it create a vast data repository which can be used as future references or for re-storing the data (Hedstrom, 2016). The security aspects that are associated with the data and information also get enhanced with this technique as the availability and reliability of the data is maintained at all times. Even in the scenarios of attacks or threats, the essential properties of the information remain intact and are not violated. Limitation of Digital Data Preservation There are a number of limitations that are present in the path of digital data preservation which are as listed below: Access and identity management becomes a critical issue for the organizations as there is a lot of data that is kept in the repository and the right users should be allowed to access the same. Security of data is another issue as attackers may attempt to acquire the data through unauthorized means. Synchronization of the data is another issue that emerges in the techniques and processes of digital data preservation Conclusion Digital data preservation is a concept and methodology that ensures the preservation of not only the data but also the relationships and properties that are associated with the same. Information and data are the two primary assets for any organization and the firms are trying all that is possible to keep the same safe and secure. This is the technique that aids in the process by providing the techniques that allow the organization to preserve their valuable assets with much ease. There are a number of techniques that are recommended with the concept of digital data preservation such as Bitstream copying, emulation, encapsulation, refreshing, migration, normalization and many others. These techniques are applied to keep the essential properties of data and information such as confidentiality, availability, integrity and reliability intact at all times and under every circumstance as well. There are also many benefits that are provided by the concept of digital data preservation. It al lows the organization to avoid the additional costs that are associated with data gathering and collection during the projects as the already preserved data can be easily referred. Data and information security is also enhanced with the help of this technique. References Ands,. (2016). Data preservation - ANDS. Ands.org.au. Retrieved 7 September 2016, from https://www.ands.org.au/working-with-data/data-management/data-preservation Choudhury, S., DiLauro, T., Szalay, A., Vishniac, E. (2016). Digital Data Preservation for Scholarly Publications in Astronomy. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/32796/Digital%20Data%20Preservation%20for%20Scholarly.pdf Dpworkshop,. (2016). Digital Preservation Strategies | dpworkshop.org. Dpworkshop.org. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://www.dpworkshop.org/dpm-eng/terminology/strategies.html Farquhar, A. (2016). Our Digital Future - Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Long Term Data Preservation and Access - Programme Cambridge Big Data. Bigdata.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 September 2016, from https://www.bigdata.cam.ac.uk/events/events-archive/our-digital-future-2016/programme Goth, G. (2012). Preserving Digital Data. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2012/4/147347-preserving-digital-data/fulltext Hedstrom,M.(2016).Digital Preservation: Problems and Prospects. Dl.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://www.dl.slis.tsukuba.ac.jp/DLjournal/No_20/1-hedstrom/1-hedstrom.html Isq,. (2010). Digital Preservation. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/FE_Dappert_Enders_MetadataStds_isqv22no2.pdf Paradigm,. (2016). Digital Preservation Strategies. Retrieved 5 September 2016, from https://www.paradigm.ac.uk/workbook/pdfs/08_digital_preservation.pdf Stamp, J. (2016). Preservation issues - Digital Preservation Coalition. Handbook.dpconline.org. Retrieved 7 September 2016, from https://handbook.dpconline.org/digital-preservation/preservation-issues

Merits and Demerits of Democracy free essay sample

Democracy is considered to be the best form of government these days. Most of the countries in the world have adopted it. The following arguments have been given in favour of Democracy: (i) Safeguards the interests of the people: Chief merit of democracy lies in that it safeguards the interests of the people. Real power lies in the hands of the people who exercise it by the representatives elected by them and who are responsible to them. It is said that social, economic and political interests of the individuals are served better under this system. ii) Based on the principle of equality: Democracy is based on the principle of equality. All members of the State are equal in the eyes of law. All enjoy equal social, political and economic rights and state cannot discriminate among citizens on the basis of caste, religion, sex, or property. All have equal right to choose their government. We will write a custom essay sample on Merits and Demerits of Democracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (iii) Stability and responsibility in administration: Democracy is known for its stability, firmness and efficiency. These days tenure of the elected representatives is fixed. They form a stable government because it is based on public support. The administration is conducted with a sense of responsibility. In representative democracy, peoples representatives discuss matters more thoroughly and take reasonable decision. Under monarchy the Monarch takes decisions as he pleases. Under dictatorship, the dictators do not involve people at all in decision making, people have no right to criticise the decisions of the dictator even when they are bad and against peoples welfare. (iv) Political education to the people: Another argument given in favour of democracy is that it serves as a training school for citizens. People get impetus to take part in the affairs of the state. At the time of elections political parties propose their policy and programme in support of their candidates. All means of propaganda-public meetings, posters, radio, television and speeches by important leaders of the parties- are used to win public favour. It creates political consciousness among the people. (v) Little chance of revolution: Since democracy is based on public will, there is no chance of public revolt. Representatives elected by the people conduct the affairs of the state with public support. If they dont work efficiently or dont come up to the expectations of their masters i. e. , the public, they are thrown in the dustbin of history when elections are held again. Gilchrist opines that democracy or popular governments always function with consensus and therefore question of revolt or revolution does not arise. (vi) Stable government: Democracy is based on public will. It conducts state business with public support. It is, therefore, more stable than other forms of Government. (vii) Helps in making people good citizens: Success of democracy lies on its good citizens. Democracy creates proper environment for the development of personality and cultivating good habits. D. Tacquville is of opinion that Democracy is the first school of good citizenship. Citizens learn their rights and duties from birth till death in it. (viii) Based on public opinion: Democratic administration is based on public will, public opinion lends it strength. It is not based on fear of authority. Gettel is of opinion that democracy stands on consensus, not on power; it admits the existence of state for individual, not individual for the state. It lends development and progress to individual and arouses his interest in social activities. Individuals readily take active part in such a government. And this is because of the eminence, devotion and conviction in man found in the nature of democracy itself. Demerits of Democracy Following arguments have been given against Democracy: (i) More emphasis on quantity than on quality: It is not based upon the quality but on quantity. Majority party holds the reigns of government. Inefficient and corrupt persons get themselves elected. They have neither intelligence, nor vision, nor strength of character to steer through the ship of the state to its destinations. (ii) Rule of the incompetent: Democracies are run by incompetent persons. It is government by amateurs. In it, every citizen is allowed to take part, whereas everybody is not fit for it. Locke calls it the act of running administration by the ignorant. He says that history records the fact that a few are intelligent. Universal adult franchise grants right to vote to everybody. Thus, a few manipulators who can collect votes with the greatest success get democratic power. The result is that democracy run by the ignorant and incompetent becomes totally unfit for intellectual progress and search for scientific truths. (iii) Based on unnatural equality: The concept of equality is enshrined in democracy. It is against the law of nature. Nature has not endowed every individual with intelligence and wisdom. Mens talents differ. Some are courageous, other are cowards. Some healthy, others not so healthy. Some are intelligent, others are not. Critics are of opinion that it is against the law of nature to grant equal status to everybody. (iv) Voters do not take interest in election: Voters do not cast their vote in a spirit of duty as democracy requires them to do. Contestants of election persuade them. Even then, it is generally found that turn out comes to 50 to 60 percent only. This forefeits the very tall claim of holding elections. (v) Lowers the moral standard: The only aim of the candidates becomes to win election. They often employ under-hand practices, foul means to get elected. Character assassination is openly practised, unethical ways are generally adopted. Muscle power and money power work hand-in-hand to ensure success to him. Thus, morality is the first casualty in election. It is a big loss for when character is lost, everything is lost becomes explicit in due course. (vi) Democracy is a government of the rich: Modern democracy is, in fact, capitalistic. It is rule of the capitalists. Electioneering is carried out with money. The rich candidates purchase votes. Might of economic power rules over the whole process. The net result is that we get plutocracy under the garb of democracy-democracy in name and form, plutocracy in reality. It cares a fig for the common man. The rich hold the media and use it for their own benefit. Big business houses influence dailies and use these dailies for creating public opinion to their favour. Influence of moneyed people over politics is probably clear in England, America and India. Consequently, communists dont accept it democracy at all. According to them, Socialist democracy is democracy in the right sense of the term because the welfare of the labour class and farming community can be safeguarded properly only under socialist democracy. (vii) Misuse of public funds and time: Democracy is a huge waste of time and resources. It takes much time in the formulation of laws. A lot of money is spent during the elections. Ministers are proving white elephants. They are a heavy burden on public exchequer as they waste public money on their tours and recreations. (viii) No stable government: When no party gets absolute majority, coalition governments are formed. The coalition of political parties with a view of sharing power is only a marriage of convenience. Whenever there occurs clash of interests, the coalition is lost and governments crumble down. Thus, stable governments under democracy generally dont exist. France lost the World War II because there was no stable government in the country at that time. We, in India, have been experiencing the same thing for the present. (ix) Dictatorship of majority: Democracy is criticised because it establishes dictatorship of majority. The majority is required to safeguard the interests of minority but in actual practice it does not. Majority after gaining success at the polls forms its ministry and conducts the affairs of the state by its own sweet will. It ignores the minority altogether; the minority is oppressed. (x) Bad influence of political parties: Political parties are the basis of democracy. A political party aims at capturing power. Its members are to safeguard the interests of the party. Sometimes, they overlook the overall interest of the state for the sake of their party. They try to win election by hook or by crook. Practising the immoral methods, empty ideals, inciting hatred, spreading caste feelings, communalism has become a common practice. It lowers the national character.

The Media and Body Image †Womens Studies Essay (100 Level Course)

The Media and Body Image – Womens Studies Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers The Media and Body Image Womens Studies Essay (100 Level Course) The media has impact on everyone, everywhere and all the time. Whether the population hears it on television, movies, or the radio perhaps. Maybe they read about how to be beautiful on advertisements, or in magazines. There are so many ways to read about and see pictures of what â€Å"beautiful† women look like. Many people try very hard to mimic the set appearance. Although, its not always women, many men try Anorexia Nervosa just like the women do. Anorexia is a serious eating disorder that many Americans suffer from. Most of the time, the spectators don’t realize that in reality they are being told to look and dress a certain way and it becomes second nature to them. In a way, Media is like evolution. When Marilyn Monroe was popular, she was an amazingly gorgeous woman and most thought of her that way. Now she would actually be considered a large, overweight person. Anorexia Nervosa is becoming a larger problem as time grows. Models are normally about 5’11 and weigh 115lbs. And that is not realistic for an average woman who is around 5’7 and 140lbs to look that way. It’s unhealthy. Anorexia can have severe or fatal consequences that can very easily result in death if not treated right away. Therapy would be needed to help get through this disorder because most of it is mind and body and trying to improve self-esteem. When people get upset, sometimes they tend to not eat and this can be sparked by being very depressed, or going away to college, family problems, reaching puberty or even relationships. This is a serious matter and when media portrays this kind of information to our youth it gets to the point where no one can ignore it â€Å"in order to be beautiful, you have to be thin† (Smith 22) That is the beginning of dangerous dieting or anorexia â€Å"the more you lose, the more you want to lose† (Smith 38) Young teens and some adults don’t understand how harmful it is to your body to not eat. When it gets to the point where you cant eat food anymore, the doctors actually give the patients a choice of this special type of nutrition that almost looks like a cup cake with out any flavor what so ever or eating through a tube that runs down through the nose to the stomach. Either way it is just plain awful. Many people will develop osteoporosis and have extremely brittle and fragile bones and have to rely on the assistance of others or a cane or wheel chair to get around. Media has a huge influence on society today, especially on teens. Everyone has seen or heard of some type of advertisement promoting some type of beauty product, jewelry, or a new brand of clothing to say the least. Almost all of it is based on beauty â€Å"when media television, movies, magazines and advertising widely promotes this ideal, it becomes difficult to ignore.† (Smith 24) That pretty much sums it all up. The quote basically says that people cannot get away from it all. It’s almost impossible to ignore it unless being cut off from the world, which is not realistic. Just like an article in Teen peoples magazine on page 47 on February’s addition where they are telling the reader about a new band. It states â€Å"Who you’ll love† and â€Å"Why you’ll love them† (Bank 47) then it gives reasons. That obviously is implying to the reader that they have to like them and that other people are going to like them too, so to be cool th ey need to buy their CD’s and become a fan. Over the years, men and women have forgotten about inner beauty. They take in what is seen with their eyes and not felt with the heart. Personality is a large part of inner beauty and is part of what makes someone beautiful from the inside out and not from just the shallow aspect that everyone is programmed to see. Why do people try to look the same when everyone is a unique and individual person? In conclusion, body image is not to be taken lightly. Media has a strong impact on today’s teens and affects everyone’s views and their ways of thinking. It is a very strong tool that they have control over, and only you, as the reader can decide whether or not it’s worth paying attention to. Research Papers on The Media and Body Image - Women's Studies Essay (100 Level Course)Analysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Fifth HorsemanPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtMind TravelInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Debating Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debating Public Policy - Essay Example However, the role of such organizations has been largely unnoticed since they fund advocacy groups (Weissert, Knott, 1995, Pp. 275). The policy process can play a significant role in safeguarding minority rights which involve protection of basic human rights such as freedom of speech and expression, freedom to choose and follow religion of choice and beliefs, freedom of seeking equal protection under the law, and the liberty to participate with equal strength and vigor in the public life of the society. The protection of rights of minorities is essential to the governments and policy makers to enable them to substantiate the cultural identity of the minorities as well as their social practices and traditions. The minorities may involve people belonging to ethnic backgrounds, following different religious beliefs and customs, as well as those who are geographically located in areas where their community is less in number, and differentiated on the basis of their income. Such groups are encouraged to participate in the policy making process to facilitate smoother functioning of governmental organizations and to mai ntain national and political integrity (America.gov, 2008). The prime objective of any public decision process revolves around protection of their individual as well as collective rights through promoting welfare of their society. The choice of an appropriate and suitable public policy is the key to bringing about the desired reforms and facilitating implementation of the policies that promote and initiate welfare and overall socio –economic development of their societies. The establishment of a customary perception is assisted by increased familiarity of the social fabric of the community at large. The heightened knowledge about the existence of pre requisites which hampers the social life in a complicated metropolitan environment is reflective of conflict (Cohnstaedt, 1966,